中文背景介紹

蛋白質的氧化還原代謝和氧化還原調節改變了生物醫學研究，并正在快速推進臨床實施1。這些概念的核心是蛋白質半胱氨酸硫醇與親電試劑的反應或其氧化，這會影響蛋白質的穩定性、結構和/或功能（例如，對藥物的抗性)。因此，半胱氨酸和其他氧化還原敏感位點的蛋白質修飾研究至關重要，需要以高精度進行。

Xoder（靶點科技）的化學試劑產品組合包括一系列化合物，適用于與成像、流式細胞術、蛋白質印跡和質譜等最常見下游分析技術兼容的應用。包括用于研究蛋白質磺酰化、反應型半胱氨酸中的關鍵蛋白質氧化還原修飾以及典型工作流程的試劑示例。 系列用于其他氧化還原修飾和氧化還原改性劑（例如，ROS發生器和淬滅劑）的試劑。

英文背景介紹

Redox metabolism and redox regulation of proteins have revolutionized biomedical research and are fast advancing towards clinical implementation 1. At the core of these concepts is the reaction of protein cysteine thiols with electrophiles or their oxidation, which influence the stability, structure and/or function of proteins (e.g., resistance to drugs) 2,3. Therefore, the study of protein modifications at cysteine and other redox sensitive sites is critical and needs to be conducted with a high level of precision.

Our portfolio of chemical reagents includes a series of compounds for applications compatible with most common downstream analytical technologies such as imaging, flow cytometry, Western blot, and mass spectrometry. Examples of reagents for studying protein sulfenylation, a key protein redox modification at reactive cysteines, and typical workflows are included below 4-11.  These can be found here along with reagents for other redox modifications and redox modifiers (e.g., ROS generators and quenchers).

試劑選擇表格

實驗處理流程

精選參考文獻

1 Chen X, Lee J, Wu H, Tsang AW, Furdui CM. Mass Spectrometry in Advancement of Redox Precision Medicine. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1140:327-358. PMID: 31347057.

2 Poole LB, Furdui CM, King SB. Introduction to approaches and tools for the evaluation of protein cysteine oxidation. Essays Biochem. 2020 Feb 17;64(1):1-17. PMID: 32031597; PMCID: PMC7477960.

3 Baez NO, Reisz JA, Furdui CM. Mass spectrometry in studies of protein thiol chemistry and signaling: opportunities and caveats. Free Radic Biol Med. 2015 Mar;80:191-211. Epub 2014 Sep 28. PMID: 25261734; PMCID: PMC4355329.

4 Poole LB, Klomsiri C, Knaggs SA, Furdui CM, Nelson KJ, Thomas MJ, Fetrow JS, Daniel LW, King SB. Fluorescent and affinity-based tools to detect cysteine sulfenic acid formation in proteins. Bioconjug Chem. 2007 Nov-Dec;18(6):2004-17. Epub 2007 Nov 21. PMID: 18030992; PMCID: PMC2526167.

5 Klomsiri C, Nelson KJ, Bechtold E, Soito L, Johnson LC, Lowther WT, Ryu SE, King SB, Furdui CM, Poole LB. Use of dimedone-based chemical probes for sulfenic acid detection evaluation of conditions affecting probe incorporation into redox-sensitive proteins. Methods Enzymol. 2010;473:77-94. PMID: 20513472; PMCID: PMC3795394.

6  Furdui CM, Poole LB. Chemical approaches to detect and analyze protein sulfenic acids. Mass Spectrom Rev. 2014 Mar-Apr;33(2):126-46. Epub 2013 Sep 17. PMID: 24105931; PMCID: PMC3946320.

7 Qian J, Klomsiri C, Wright MW, King SB, Tsang AW, Poole LB, Furdui CM. Simple synthesis of 1,3-cyclopentanedione derived probes for labeling sulfenic acid proteins. Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Aug 28;47(32):9203-5. Epub 2011 Jul 8. PMID: 21738918; PMCID: PMC3587177.

8 Qian J, Klomsiri C, Wright MW, King SB, Tsang AW, Poole LB, Furdui CM. Simple synthesis of 1,3-cyclopentanedione derived probes for labeling sulfenic acid proteins. Chem Commun (Camb). 2011 Aug 28;47(32):9203-5. Epub 2011 Jul 8. PMID: 21738918; PMCID: PMC3587177.

9 Poole TH, Reisz JA, Zhao W, Poole LB, Furdui CM, King SB. Strained cycloalkynes as new protein sulfenic acid traps. J Am Chem Soc. 2014 Apr 30;136(17):6167-70. Epub 2014 Apr 16. PMID: 24724926; PMCID: PMC4017607.

10 Li Z, Forshaw TE, Holmila RJ, Vance SA, Wu H, Poole LB, Furdui CM, King SB. Triphenylphosphonium-Derived Protein Sulfenic Acid Trapping Agents: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Effect on Mitochondrial Function. Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 Mar 18;32(3):526-534. Epub 2019 Mar 4. PMID: 30784263; PMCID: PMC6719313.

11 Holmila RJ, Vance SA, Chen X, Wu H, Shukla K, Bharadwaj MS, Mims J, Wary Z, Marrs G, Singh R, Molina AJ, Poole LB, King SB, Furdui CM. Mitochondria-targeted Probes for Imaging Protein Sulfenylation. Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 27;8(1):6635. PMID: 29703899; PMCID: PMC5923234.